Importance of Hexamethyl Disiloxane

Chemcon Specialty Chemicals focuses on the manufacturing of Hexamethyl Disiloxane or HMDSO, considered an important chemical in the field of pharmacy. It is a clear and essentially an odourless liquid that has been of great benefits to the pharmaceutical industry along with a variety of cosmetic products. With the molecular formula of C6H18OSi2 and molecular weight of 162.38, it has the fastest evaporating rate and the lowest surface tension. Due to the highly lipophilic nature and the high spread ability of its crystallizing compounds it is used for the preparation of liquid bandages, adhesives, silicone rubber and silicon compounds.

Hexamethyldisiloxane is prepared through the process of the hydrolysis of trimethylsilyl chloride or TMCS. It reacts with the nucleophiles which results in the replacement of the chloride. This nucleophile is water which further results in hydrolysis to give the Hexamethyl Disiloxane.

2(CH3)3SiCl+H2O→(CH3)3SiO(CH3)3Si+2HCl

It also results from the hydrolysis of silylethers and other silyl-protected functional groups.

Apart from being used in the pharmaceutical industry it is also used as a major source of the Trimethylsilylchlorosilane functional group in the process of organic synthesis. Carboxylic acid is converted into different types of silyl ethers in the presence of an acid catalyst along with HMDSO. When mixed with oxygen (O2), HMDSO produces a plasma-polymerized coating that can provide protection from corrosion and other elements. It is also used in the preparation of spectroscopy. It is also used in stationary liquids, analysis reagent and moisture repellent.

While the most important use of TMCS is the preparation of HMDSO, it also has various uses. For example, it can be used for the production of silicon compounds and various alkylation agents and the also the production of different types of drugs and medicines. Another important usage of TMCS is to manufacture anhydrous solutions of HCL that is used in synthesis of esters from nitriles and carboxylic acids. It is also plays a major part in producing laboratory glassware as it makes the surface more lipophilic or soluble in liquids.

Chemcon Specialty Chemicals makes full use of HMDSO’s purpose of humidity sensing and has been constantly studying it through various evaluations and experiments. The relative humidity and other properties are also constantly being examined. HMDSO thin films are known to display a small recovery and response of around 34 and 8 s for desiccation and humidification processes. Therefore, apart from contributing to the pharmaceutical industry, of Hexamethyl Disiloxane it has innumerable uses in other industries around the world.

Use Of Clear Brine Completion Fluids As Drill-In Fluids

Drilling Activities & Energy Resources:

Growing energy demand globally has boosted drilling activities. Today world is experiencing tremendous high demand for natural energy resources whether it is conventional or non-conventional as a result industries which are not in field of drilling have also started showing interest in this field.

Various Use of Drilling Fluids:

Clear brine drilling fluids are the industrial fluids that are used for various purposes like used as drilling fluids in oil and natural gas industries, work over, and as completion fluids. They are specially used to control pressure in oil and gas wells. Clear brine fluids are segmented on basis of product type into categories like Calcium chloride, Potassium chloride, potassium bromide, sodium bromide, calcium bromide. They are formulated to achieve various ranges of densities. Oil base drilling fluids and water based drilling fluids are not viable for use because of they needs to be disposed after single time use hence brine based drilling provides great alternative for it.

The advantage of using brine based drilling fluids over other drilling fluids is that they are ecofriendly in nature , are less corrosive to drilling assembly, and provides excellent penetration rate in varying rock formation. Water based drilling muds causes’ clay swelling but in case of brine based drilling muds this problem is neglected. Brines are more expensive but are most effective fluids.

Clear Brine Fluids Apply:

Clear brine drilling fluids have excellent properties that make them widely used drilling fluids and Clear Brine Completion Fluids. They exhibit properties like they can protect polymer at high temperature, they can stabilize shale, can provide good lubricity, are non-toxic, and are easily biodegradable. For these fluids to function properly they must be stable at surface as well as in the wells. Discovery of these fluids have encouraged more and more off shore and deep water drilling. And hence drilling fluid solution providers. Have been in great demand in recent years. Manufacturers of completion fluids in India is not only fulfilling need of fluids in India but also manufacturing globally and hence fulfilling needs globally too.

Manufacturers of completion fluids in India:

CSCPL is leading Drilling Fluids Solution & Products providing quality drilling fluids. These fluids are used not only for oil and gas drilling but also for geothermal drilling. Geothermal drilling are often more difficult to deal with as compared to oil and gas drilling. In oil and natural gas drilling, drilling fluids are utilised for under reaming and work over type of operations. They are designed not only for fulfilling the operations but also to protect production zones. Brine base drilling fluids are the most widely used drilling fluids because of their ability to protect the formation while drilling and controls hydrostatic pressure without suspended solids also inhibiting swelling and migration formation clay.

Oil Field Chemicals Solution Providers in Gujarat

Global Demand of Oilfield Chemicals:

Energy is a basic need for contemporary civilisation without which everything comes to halt. With rapid increase in demand for energy each year, there is also increase in demand for main source of energy i.e. crude oil and natural gas. New advances in technology and development and its appropriate application and proper utilisation of resources have made it possible for oil and natural gas industries to match up the global demands.

Over past few years these industries have been the most technologically advance and developed. Oil field chemical providers have played crucial role in grooming these industries.

HSE Information:

There are many Manufacturers of Oil Well Drilling Chemicals across India those manufacturers drilling chemicals in compliance with environmental, safety and health regulations. They fall in category of salt water drilling fluids. They are intended for drilling salt formation .They inhibits formation of hydrates in drilling equipments. Because of their characteristic high density they are widely used for drilling purpose. They can be used as single salt or combinations of multiple salts in order to achieve desired density. Thus understanding chemical properties of these fluids is very important for successful drilling of oil and natural gas in cost effective way.

Zinc bromide & Calcium Bromide Mixtures Function:

The widely used combinations of salts are Zinc bromide and calcium bromide mixtures, calcium bromide and calcium chloride mixtures, sodium chloride and sodium bromides mixtures. Factors affecting selection of such fluids is its cost, performance for which it is intended to function and effect on environment.

Liquid drilling fluids is also known as drilling mud. They are of following catogries:

1) Water based (may be fresh water or salt water)
2) Non-aqueous or oil based
3) Gaseous type (wide ranges of gases are used in it)
4) Synthetic type

Applications and Uses :

Main applications of these fluids are to provide hydrostatic pressure, Prevent corrosions causing major losses of drillind pipes. Maintains well-bore stability and minimises reservoir damage. It acts as coolant by keeping drilling bit cool while drilling. Acts as lubricant while suspending and taking out drilling assembly. It keeps drilling cuts intact as such and preventing wells from getting shut. They can be used depending upon their area of function. They can be used either individually or in combinations to achieve desired densities. They can also be used to clean cuttings from bore wells.

Such wide range of applications of these fluids has brought manufacturers of oil well drilling chemicals in demand not only in India but across world. It has brought phenomonous changes for oil and natural gas industries. CSCPL is dominant manufacturer Various Types of Drilling Fluids such as calcium bromide (CaBr2), sodium bromide (NaBr) and Zinc bromide (ZnBr).

Advance strategies - Bulk Drug Intermediates for Pharma Industries

Specialty chemicals global sector:

Specialty chemicals and pharmaceutical chemicals, over the decades have gained a lot of popularity in India. Specialty chemicals industry is a very wide and complex segment. It includes variety of products like agrichemicals, elastomers, adhesives, lubricants, oil field chemicals, etc. Worldwide, the specialty chemicals industry has grown into an array of SME’s with their own niche products. The specialty chemicals market has played a significant part in the global chemical sector. The global demand for specialty chemicals is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.42% from 2015 to 2020.

Various Applications:

Specialty chemicals in Gujarat provide unique materials with unique properties that produce high value custom end products. They have various applications. Specialty chemicals are the chemicals which are used to boast the performance of other chemicals that can be apply in many potential experiments in the chemical industry. One of the most important applications of specialty chemicals is to speed up the manufacturing process of various chemical experiments. They help to get deliverables with less experimental costs and efforts. Some of the specialty chemicals act like value-adders that add value to other chemicals to perform more in less time.

Specialty chemicals Market Range:

North America, Western European, and Japanese firms were always amongst the market leaders in specialty chemicals industry. However, over the last few decades the Asia-Pacific region, especially India and China have globally stated their dominance in the specialty chemicals industry. In India, the speciality chemicals in Gujarat have gained a lot of dominance in this sector and have been providing their end products.

Types of Bulk Drug Intermediates:

Pharmaceutical Chemicals form the most important branch of specialty chemicals. The Pharmaceutical industry in India is the world's third-largest in terms of volume and 10th largest in value terms. . India's drugs and pharmaceuticals industry is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14 per cent to reach a turnover of $ 47.06 billion by 2018. Indian pharmaceutical industry is gaining rapid popularity owing to the rise in the bulk drug intermediates manufacturers. In India, Gujarat is considered to be the rising hub in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates and bulk drug intermediates. Last ten decades have seen an immense growth in SME niche pharmaceutical intermediates producing companies. Various pharma intermediates like Hexamethyl Disiloxane (HMDSO), Trimethyl Chlorosilane (TMCS), Hexamethyl Disilazane (HMDS / HMDZ) Chloromethyl Isopropyl Carbonate (CMIC) are produced and exported worldwide by these small scale manufacturers in Gujarat.

Applications of Pharmaceutical Intermediates like as lubricants, as adhesion promoter for photoresists, in alkylation agents, in creation of sedatives, medicines, in manufacturing of anhydrous solutions of HCL in alcohols, deactivator for chromatographic support materials, silylating agent in pharmaceuticals, etc.

With all the end products possessing these properties have been exported on a large scale from Gujarat, it is recognized as the upcoming hub in the field of specialty chemicals and bulk pharma intermediates.

Reaction of Hexamethyldisilazane with silica / water

Reaction of Hexamethyldisilazane with silica:

Researchers have been made to study the reaction of Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) with OH groups with silica that can be examined by infrared spectroscopy method. This reaction frees the OH groups and results in kinetics. The reaction produces mainly hexamethydisiloxane (HMDSO) and ammonia with a small quantity of nitrogen and methane. When temperature is maintained lower than 300°C no methane is produced. Moreover, ammonia is the first product produced and subsequently HMDSO is produced. As the temperature increases, the amount of nitrogen produces increases and that of ammonia and HMDSO decreases. Reaction of pendant silyl groups with surface acidic hydroxyls to eliminate methane and the concentration of residual silyl moieties on the silica surface both increase with temperature of reaction.

HMDS is used for deactivating materials that support in gas chromatography by many Hexamethyldisilazane Makers. Kinetic studies have been made to get comprehension about the reaction of HMDS with silica and the optimum conditions in which the reactions take place the best.

Study of HMDS:

Four important chemical properties have been deduced from such studies- 1) The freely vibrating hydroxyl groups can occur in either in Si-OH or [Si-(OH)2] configurations, 2) The freely vibrating hydroxyl groups are monoenergetic (i.e. all the OH groups show the same reactivity), 3) Due to the monoenergetic nature of the OH groups, physical absorption results in same fraction of the hydroxyl group being covered for a given pressure and temperature, and 4) The mutually H-bonded OH groups on the surface are essentially nonreactive towards the various bonding agents.

Another such study outlines the kinetics for the reaction of HMDS with silica which is mainly a two-steps process. The first step is a rate determining step that produces trimethylsilylation on the surface of silanol and forms trimethylaminosilane. The second step is where a trimethylaminosilane reactive intermediate reacts to form a trimethylsilyl surface chemical and ammonia. This two step process was mainly applied to analyze the data of the kinetics of HMDS reaction with smoked silica in the field of spectroscopy.

Absorbs Techniques:

Hexamethyldisilazane reacts with many substrate surfaces to enhance their adhesive power. When HMDS reacts with the substrate, it absorbs the excess water in them, reduced surface energy and increases the photoresist adhesion on the surface. The silizane components bond with the oxygen-atoms of the substrates and the methyls offer hydrophobic layers that have good wetting and adhesive characteristics. This dehydration reaction of HMDS on wafers (semiconductor slices) is carried out using two techniques: Liquid Priming and Vapor Priming. It is commonly know that HMDS is very sensitive to the presence of water and degrades in humid air. Studies have been made to understand the reaction of HMDS in dry and humid air in the presence of absorbent surfaces. Studies show that HMDS hydrolyzes in humid air and produces trimethylsilanol (TMS) and ammonia (NH3). Chemcon Speciality Chemicals.Pvt.Ltd is suppliers and Manufacturers of of Speciality Chemicals.

Manufacture of pharmaceutical intermediates in Gujarat

Chemcon Speciality Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. is a pharmaceutical chemicals specialty leading in the manufacturing of pharma intermediates like Hexamethyl Disiloxane (HMDSO) CAS NO. : 107-46-0, Trimethyl Chlorosilane (TMCS) CAS NO. : 75-77-4 and Chloromethyl Isopropyl Carbonate (CMIC ) CAS No. 35180-01-9. Chemcon is the largest manufacturer in India since a decade for Hexamethyldisilazane. The processes for the manufacture of all these products have been developed and engineered in-house by the team of dedicated and expert in-house professionals with in-depth knowledge in the field. We enjoy the highest reputation among Indian as well as Multi-National Companies for being a leading HMDSO, CMIC, and Trimethyl Chlorosilane in India

Three of our most significant products are:

Hexamethyl Disiloxane (HMDSO) CAS NO. : 107-46-0

We specialize in the Manufacture of HMDSO in Gujarat which has many applications like:

•    HMDSO is a pharma intermediate which is very popular in the pharmaceutical industry due to its various applications.

•    It is an organosilicon compound, volatile in nature. It is also used as a reagent and a solvent in various organic syntheses.

•    It is also used as in spectroscopy to standardize the chemical shift.

•    The most important use of HMDSO is in crystallizing of lipophilic compunds.

•    Also used in preparation of liquid bandages.

•    It is manufactured through hydrolysis of trimethlsilyl chloride.

Trimethyl Chlorosilane (TMCS ) CAS NO. : 75-77-4

As India’s leading TMCS Manufacturer in Vadodara, we produce TMCS that has very useful applications in the field of pharmacy like:

•    Trimethyl Chlorosilane is used in the manufacture of all types of silicon compounds.

•    It is widely used in the manufacture of drugs and medicines.

•    It reacts with alcohol to produce anhydrous solutions of hydrogen chloride (HCL) in alcohols that can be used for the synthesis of esters.

•    It has also been used for silylation and as a protection group in the process of various organic syntheses.

•    But the most important application of TMCS is in the preparation of HMDSO.

•    Hydrolysis of TMCS in preparation of HMDSO:

TMCS is reactive toward nucleophiles, resulting in the replacement of the chloride. In a characteristic reaction of TMCS, the nucleophile is water, resulting in hydrolysis to give the Hexamethyl Disiloxane

2(CH3)3SiCl+H2O→ (CH3)3SiO(CH3)3Si+2HCl

Chloromethyl Isopropyl Carbonate (CMIC) CAS No. 35180-01-9

Chemcon prides in its manufacture of CMIC because of its outstanding application to prepare tenofovir. Tenofovir is regarded as a revolutionary drug for curing and preventing AIDS/HIV. Tenofovir disoproxil hemifumarate salt is basically prepared using dealkylating (R)-9-[2-(Diethyl phosphonomethoxy) propyl] adenine. To get a crystallized tenofovir in its stable form, Chloromethyl Isopropyl Carbonate is Used, where it is used to condense tenofovir during the latter’s initial phase of manufacture.

These are some of the importance of pharma intermediates which have revolutionalized the field of specialty chemicals worldwide and Chemcon is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of specialty chemicals and pharma intermediates.

Hexamethyl Disilazane as an Alternative to Critical Point Drying

Critical point drying (CPD) is an established method of dehydrating biological tissue prior to examination in the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). This technique was first introduced to preserve three-dimensional structure of biological specimens for transmission electron microscopy, later it was used for obtaining dry specimens for SEM examination. Although CPD is a well-established method for drying specimens, there has been compelling evidence that it can damage soft specimens in two different ways: Structural integrity and Chemical Integrity. Over the years, use of the pharmaintermediate, Hexamethyl Disilazane (HMDS) in critical point drying is an established method of dehydrating biological tissue prior to examination in the SEM. Moreover, use HMDS in the imaging of cells on coal instead of CPD have led to negating the need for expensive equipment.

Studies on the applications of Hexamethyl Disilazane (HMDS) over Critical Point Drying (CPD):

• CPD and HMDS sample preparation techniques were used for testing the effects of both on the cervical cells on field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray. The results indicated that SEM imaging, elemental composition, and processing time for sample preparation with the HMDS technique were better than CPD technique for cervical cell preparation technique because in terms of weight percentages of carbon and oxygen element compositions in HMDS technique were higher than the CPD technique.

• CPD and HMDS samples used for preserving biological structures, revealed that samples prepared using CPD had tissue damage in the form of cracking. In addition there was excess amount of debris around the crack openings. Another potential result that placed HMDS as a superior drying agent is the time constraints that can be effective parameters while preparing more specimens; use of the Pharma Intermediate may be preferred over the traditional technique as it allows multiple samples to be dried simultaneously.

Preventing the gas/liquid interface is the main goal of critical point drying (as well as the alternative process of HMDS). Whenever a liquid evaporates into the gaseous phase, large surface tension phenomena occur. These surface tensions can harm fine surface details on the surface of the sample. CPD usually takes up to 3 hours to perform. Using Hexamethyldisilazane instead of CPD is quicker and can yield acceptable results on some samples. When the sample is dehydrated to 100% ethanol, a fifty/fifty mix of ethanol/HMDS can be placed on the sample followed by 2 or 3 exchanges of HMDS. After these exchanges, sample is in a fume hood where HMDS evaporates off. The vapor pressure of HMDS is such that surface damage is minimal.

The pharmaintermediate, Hexamethyl Disilazane is extensively used to replace the critical drying technique in sample preparation of tardigrades for SEM imaging because conventional procedures required CPD apparatus or machines to achieve the suitable temperature/pressure combination to completely dehydrate specimens, but with HMDS, the specimens can be dehydrated by simply bathing them in HMDS, ethanol solution, eliminating the use of any special equipment. All in all, the use of HMDS in SEM instead of CPD is preferred as it is safer, cheaper and more practical.

Calcium Bromide - A Hot Cake Completion Fluid

Calcium Bromide(CaBr2) which is an excellent drilling tool and is a very popular choice in the oilfield industry. With immense increase in drilling activities in petroleum exploration, the demand for clear brine fluids has sky-rocketed. Calcium Bromide, with 14.2 lbs/gal density, is an excellent choice for a completion fluid because of its various properties like non-damaging to the drilling formation, it is very stable chemically and thermally, and it can be used as a single salt clear brine or can be mixed with other bromides and chlorides such as zinc bromide, sodium bromide, calcium chloride, etc; making effective multi-salt compositions that are a formation of balanced high density from 11.7 lbs.gal to almost as high as 19.4 lbs/gal. It is available in powder and liquid forms. In its liquid form, it serves as an excellent drilling mud that helps balance the unstable strata while drilling oil & gas and prevents intrusion of water that may be encountered while drilling on uneven surfaces. In its powder form, it dissolves in water & other brines, and yields completion workover and packer fluids of densities upto 2.3 gm/ml (19.2 lb/gal).

Major Applications of Calcium Bromide as a completion fluid

Calcium Bromide is used as a suspension tool to keep the cuttings from filling the dug holes. While drilling, the hydrocarbons and the rock formations increase the pressure inside the drill holes, CaBr2 is used to control this pressure and even tone it. It is also very useful to seamlessly adjust the characteristics of individual drill holes. Another important use of CaBr2 as a completion fluid in oil well drilling activities is that it stabilizes the rock formation. By aiding in the repair of the individual drill holes, it helps in preventing the collapse of the rock formation. CaBr2is becoming a popular choice in oil and gas drilling, it is in fact preferred over many other fluids because it mixes easily with all the major zinc and calcium based brines and adjusts the density of other brine systems. Calcium Bromide can also be used to drill secondary drill holes from the previously drilled ones, thus increasing the oil well drilling productivity.

This bromide, a highly effective Completion Fluid is used in both offshore and onshore drilling operations. Recent expansion in drilling activity like deep, high pressure wells have contributed to the rapid growth in this market, accounting to an expected growth from $10.86 billion in 2013 to $18.37 billion by 2020, with a CAGR of 7.8 percent.

There are a few comprehensive reports based on the market analysis of CaBr2 as an important agent amongst various drilling chemicals. Such reports give an in-depth study about the current state of CaBr2 across global market. Right from the manufacturing perspective, capacity, production value, and profit to its demand/supply and import/export these reports explore the various aspects and provides a stream-lined guide to the oil field industry players about it.